安(an)全帽(mao)里植入芯片(pian),定位(wei)在(zai)場施工(gong)(gong)人員,追(zhui)蹤(zong)其行動(dong)軌跡;施工(gong)(gong)現場“電子眼”全覆蓋(gai),了解(jie)施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度,及時發現安(an)全隱(yin)患,緊“盯”施工(gong)(gong)安(an)全;利用AR(增強現實)、VR(虛擬現實)技(ji)術,在(zai)沉浸式(shi)互動(dong)體(ti)驗(yan)中加強工(gong)(gong)人安(an)全教(jiao)育……與(yu)鋼(gang)筋混凝土打交道的(de)工(gong)(gong)地,這樣的(de)“智慧(hui)”場景隨處可見。
隨著互聯網、物聯網和(he)數字(zi)(zi)技術加速(su)應用,推(tui)進“智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)工(gong)地(di)”建(jian)(jian)設已成(cheng)為推(tui)動建(jian)(jian)造方(fang)式轉型升級的(de)突(tu)破口和(he)著力點、助力建(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)高(gao)質(zhi)量發展(zhan)的(de)重要(yao)路徑、實現(xian)施(shi)工(gong)安(an)(an)全生(sheng)產治理(li)體(ti)系(xi)與能力現(xian)代化(hua)的(de)重要(yao)方(fang)法。“智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)工(gong)地(di)”基于BIM(建(jian)(jian)筑信息(xi)模型)+AI(人工(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)能)智(zhi)(zhi)能大數據中(zhong)心和(he)云平臺,圍繞建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程項目全生(sheng)命周期(qi),集成(cheng)安(an)(an)全、質(zhi)量、綠色施(shi)工(gong)、勞(lao)務實名制等(deng)多個(ge)(ge)管(guan)(guan)理(li)模塊,支撐現(xian)場管(guan)(guan)理(li)、互聯協同、智(zhi)(zhi)能決策、數據共享的(de)信息(xi)化(hua)系(xi)統協助完成(cheng)監督(du)和(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo),全方(fang)位監控施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場,形成(cheng)信息(xi)化(hua)、數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)、可視(shi)化(hua)的(de)項目管(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)系(xi)。信息(xi)化(hua)技術的(de)運用讓工(gong)地(di)長了“眼睛”“耳朵”“鼻子”,看(kan)(kan)得見(jian)違章、聽得見(jian)噪音(yin)、嗅得到隱(yin)患,實時精確(que)把控施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場脈絡。筆(bi)者總(zong)結了現(xian)有“智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)工(gong)地(di)”在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)安(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)的(de)應用,看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)“智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)工(gong)地(di)”為整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)工(gong)過程帶來了怎樣的(de)“安(an)(an)全感”。
人員(yuan)信(xin)息安全管控
癥結(jie)
建筑施工(gong)過程(cheng)用(yong)工(gong)量大,面對超齡、技能水平、考勤記錄(lu)等人(ren)員日常管理(li)(li)問題,僅依靠管理(li)(li)人(ren)員手工(gong)記錄(lu)等傳統(tong)管理(li)(li)方(fang)式已(yi)難(nan)以適應復(fu)雜多變的(de)工(gong)地情況,無法實(shi)現對工(gong)人(ren)的(de)有效監管。
護航
結合(he)多種互(hu)聯網(wang)技(ji)術化手段(duan),將人的行為(wei)管起(qi)來。
人(ren)是安全工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)核心,是現場(chang)安全管理(li)中(zhong)能動性最強、最靈活的(de)(de)因素。“智慧(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)”對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行高(gao)效精準管控(kong)(kong),對于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)安全管理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)具有重要意義。設(she)置人(ren)臉識別門禁(jin)系統(tong),對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)身份信(xin)(xin)息、進(jin)出場(chang)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行實(shi)名制(zhi)登記(ji)管理(li),既能實(shi)時(shi)(shi)打(da)卡(ka),保護工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)友權(quan)益,又能規范人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)出,保障工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全。借助該(gai)系統(tong)信(xin)(xin)息集成個(ge)人(ren)身份信(xin)(xin)息、技能水平、薪資賬戶(hu)等(deng)(deng),建立施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)信(xin)(xin)息數(shu)據庫,方(fang)便快捷地(di)記(ji)錄工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動、考(kao)勤記(ji)錄等(deng)(deng)。與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi)(shi),與(yu)住房(fang)和城鄉建設(she)主管部(bu)門的(de)(de)監控(kong)(kong)平臺“聯網”,隨時(shi)(shi)更新數(shu)據,方(fang)便管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)統(tong)計(ji)與(yu)分(fen)析人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)布、人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)流動、考(kao)勤數(shu)據,實(shi)現實(shi)名制(zhi)管理(li)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息化和一體化,避免勞務糾(jiu)紛(fen)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)可(ke)以快速查(cha)詢(xun)當(dang)月的(de)(de)上班天(tian)數(shu)、每日(ri)打(da)卡(ka)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間,隨時(shi)(shi)查(cha)看考(kao)勤記(ji)錄,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)生(sheng)活更踏(ta)實(shi)放心。
為減少不安(an)全行為,針對(dui)現(xian)場(chang)重點區域,布設AI智能(neng)(neng)識別系(xi)統(tong),通(tong)過大數(shu)(shu)據與人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)實現(xian)無人(ren)化的高效管理方式,24小時(shi)監管不當行為,自動(dong)(dong)識別施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進入(ru)工(gong)(gong)地(di)之后的安(an)全帽、反光衣穿戴情況,自動(dong)(dong)識別煙霧、火種以及區域入(ru)侵(qin)等(deng)。一(yi)旦發現(xian)不合規(gui)或異常情況,及時(shi)現(xian)場(chang)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)地(di)智能(neng)(neng)語音終端、播報預警以及違規(gui)記(ji)錄與數(shu)(shu)據統(tong)計,保障人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全。
機(ji)械設備安(an)全監控
癥結
塔(ta)吊、升(sheng)降機(ji)、吊籃等作業活動本身潛藏高空作業風險,防護裝(zhuang)置或防護用(yong)品存(cun)在缺(que)陷都會導致安全事故的(de)發(fa)生。傳統施工(gong)現場如果(guo)想判斷塔(ta)吊是(shi)否違規超載,腳手(shou)架(jia)、模板和塔(ta)式(shi)起(qi)重機(ji)等垂直運輸機(ji)械(xie)作業是(shi)否有效防護,最常用(yong)的(de)辦法(fa)就是(shi)讓管理(li)人(ren)(ren)員到現場查(cha)看,操作人(ren)(ren)員憑(ping)借經驗進行操作,但人(ren)(ren)工(gong)排查(cha)不能做到隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di),安全隱患(huan)無法(fa)及時準確地(di)暴露出來。
護航(hang)
借助實時監測系統解決工地安全隱患,將設施設備(bei)管起來。
工(gong)(gong)地(di)接入(ru)智(zhi)慧(hui)系(xi)統(tong)后(hou),工(gong)(gong)地(di)內作業(ye)層(ceng)、塔吊、施工(gong)(gong)電梯等存在(zai)安(an)全(quan)隱患的(de)部(bu)位(wei)均安(an)裝了(le)實時(shi)監(jian)測(ce)設備,能對塔吊的(de)起重量、力矩、幅(fu)度、高度、風(feng)速、群塔防碰(peng)撞等項目和施工(gong)(gong)電梯的(de)載(zai)重、人(ren)數(shu)、上(shang)下限位(wei)等實時(shi)監(jian)測(ce),傳出的(de)視頻和采集(ji)的(de)數(shu)據全(quan)部(bu)集(ji)中(zhong)到“智(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)(gong)地(di)”云平臺上(shang)展示,管理人(ren)員(yuan)通(tong)過手(shou)(shou)機終端(duan)也能實時(shi)查(cha)看(kan)。通(tong)過監(jian)控平臺可視化模塊對視頻進行回(hui)放、局部(bu)放大、拉近,實現全(quan)天候(hou)、全(quan)方位(wei)、無死角實時(shi)管控各個工(gong)(gong)程現場(chang),全(quan)面詳細(xi)掌握現場(chang)作業(ye)是(shi)否規范、有(you)無違章行為、現場(chang)安(an)全(quan)措施是(shi)否到位(wei)。除此(ci)之外,安(an)全(quan)管理人(ren)員(yuan)到現場(chang)檢查(cha)設備只需帶上(shang)手(shou)(shou)機拍照即可生成(cheng)整(zheng)改(gai)單據,直達對應責任人(ren),相關現場(chang)負責人(ren)進行整(zheng)改(gai)后(hou)再上(shang)傳平臺,在(zai)移動端(duan)便可實現形成(cheng)安(an)全(quan)閉環管理,極大提高了(le)安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題的(de)整(zheng)改(gai)效率,提升(sheng)了(le)項目安(an)全(quan)指數(shu)。
如(ru)果工地現場“起火(huo)”,如(ru)何判斷是(shi)正常的(de)焊接(jie)等明火(huo)操作(zuo),還(huan)是(shi)哪里“著了火(huo)”?有(you)的(de)智(zhi)慧工地系統可(ke)以通過人工智(zhi)能(neng)視覺分(fen)析(xi)與熱成(cheng)像(xiang)技(ji)術,基于深度(du)學習的(de)物(wu)體(ti)跟蹤與物(wu)體(ti)識別(bie)算(suan)法,結合人工智(zhi)能(neng)AI芯(xin)片(pian),對動火(huo)區域進行實(shi)時監測,對動火(huo)作(zuo)業全過程所采集(ji)的(de)實(shi)時視頻流進行智(zhi)能(neng)分(fen)析(xi)。
AR+VR安全教育(yu)
癥(zheng)結
有人曾將傳統的(de)(de)工(gong)地現場安(an)全教(jiao)育(yu)笑稱為說教(jiao)式教(jiao)育(yu)“老三樣(yang)”——讀規章制度(du)、看事故視頻、簽名,沒有跟實際相(xiang)結合(he),施工(gong)從(cong)業(ye)人員無法親身感受違規操作帶來的(de)(de)危害,難以對(dui)安(an)全生產有深(shen)刻的(de)(de)理解和感受,安(an)全防范意識低。
護航(hang)
采(cai)用虛擬現實技術,培訓人員“親歷(li)”施工(gong)安全事(shi)故,敲(qiao)響安全警鐘。
在(zai)傳統(tong)(tong)工(gong)地(di)(di)安(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育見效(xiao)較(jiao)差的(de)(de)情況下,VR、AR、3D與(yu)工(gong)地(di)(di)結合在(zai)一(yi)起,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)工(gong)地(di)(di)安(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)一(yi)種手段。根(gen)據項目部(bu)實(shi)際(ji)情況,對于建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)主要負責(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)、項目負責(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)、專職安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產管理人(ren)(ren)員及特種作(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)培(pei)訓,針對危險(xian)性較(jiao)大的(de)(de)分部(bu)分項工(gong)程(cheng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理等(deng)重點內容(rong),建造安(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育智慧培(pei)訓系統(tong)(tong)。在(zai)工(gong)地(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場設置工(gong)地(di)(di)VR智能安(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育體驗館(guan),采用成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)VR、AR、3D技術,結合電動機械,考量工(gong)地(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患,以三維動態(tai)的(de)(de)形式創建與(yu)現實(shi)類似的(de)(de)環境,3D模擬(ni)出工(gong)地(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)場景和險(xian)情。
VR安(an)全體驗、虛(xu)擬(ni)消(xiao)防(fang)滅火(huo)系統(tong)、安(an)全教育(yu)魔盒……培訓人(ren)員(yuan)通過佩(pei)戴VR眼鏡等設備(bei),沉浸式、可互動式進行現場(chang)漫游、熟悉建筑構件、了解施工(gong)流程,“親歷”施工(gong)安(an)全事故(gu)的發(fa)生,掌握相應(ying)防(fang)范要(yao)點和應(ying)急(ji)措施,加深對安(an)全生產(chan)的理解和感(gan)受(shou)。
智能穿戴(dai)安全防護
癥(zheng)結
施(shi)工現場多為露(lu)天(tian)作(zuo)業,施(shi)工人員長時間直(zhi)接暴露(lu)在(zai)高溫、嚴寒(han)的(de)工作(zuo)環境中進行(xing)高強(qiang)度(du)工作(zuo),尤其從事(shi)高空作(zuo)業、光線較差的(de)地(di)下或夜班(ban)作(zuo)業等,稍有(you)松懈就可能發生安全事(shi)故。
護航
智能安全帽(mao)、智能手環、智能眼(yan)鏡等智能穿戴(dai)設(she)備,幫助施工人(ren)員做好安全防護(hu)。
安(an)全帽(mao)是(shi)安(an)全生(sheng)產的重要保障,每一個進入現場的人(ren)員都必須佩戴(dai)安(an)全帽(mao),因此智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)安(an)全帽(mao)是(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)穿戴(dai)設備在工程施工中(zhong)應用最廣泛(fan)的產品。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)安(an)全帽(mao)內(nei)置了(le)高科技(ji)集成(cheng)芯片和多種(zhong)傳(chuan)感器,集GPS(全球定(ding)(ding)位(wei)系(xi)統)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)、脫帽(mao)預警、工作效率(lv)分析(xi)、項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)電子(zi)圍(wei)欄等功能(neng)(neng)于(yu)一體,記錄(lu)工人(ren)的行動(dong)軌(gui)跡。當施工人(ren)員到達某(mou)一危險源特定(ding)(ding)范圍(wei)內(nei)時,就會觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)內(nei)置的預警系(xi)統,對其提出警告(gao),信息(xi)也會實(shi)時發(fa)(fa)(fa)送到管(guan)理終端,項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部管(guan)理人(ren)員可以及時鎖定(ding)(ding)危險源位(wei)置和相應施工人(ren)員,給出指令措施,預防事故發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)安(an)全帽(mao)實(shi)現了(le)基礎防護工具到智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)工具的轉(zhuan)變,加(jia)快了(le)建(jian)(jian)造行業(ye)的智(zhi)(zhi)慧化進程,推(tui)動(dong)傳(chuan)統建(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)向智(zhi)(zhi)慧建(jian)(jian)造發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。
建筑(zhu)業是一個“高危”行業,隨時隨地(di)存在著隱(yin)藏(zang)的(de)危險(xian)。安(an)(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)是建筑(zhu)業不可(ke)觸碰的(de)底線,所(suo)有工地(di)都要增強(qiang)施工安(an)(an)全意識、規(gui)范安(an)(an)全行為(wei)、弘揚安(an)(an)全文(wen)化(hua),時刻拉(la)緊安(an)(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)命紅線。“智慧工地(di)”的(de)建設(she)與應用,可(ke)有效預(yu)防違規(gui)作業導致的(de)安(an)(an)全事(shi)故(gu)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),實現規(gui)范施工管理、減(jian)少安(an)(an)全隱(yin)患(huan)、節省(sheng)人力投入、降(jiang)低運營成(cheng)本(ben),提前化(hua)解風險(xian),為(wei)建筑(zhu)施工安(an)(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)保(bao)駕護航