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返回安(an)全帽(mao)里植入(ru)芯片，定位(wei)在(zai)場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員，追蹤其(qi)行動軌跡；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場“電子眼”全覆蓋，了解施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)，及時發(fa)現(xian)(xian)安(an)全隱患，緊(jin)“盯”施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)全；利用(yong)AR（增強現(xian)(xian)實）、VR（虛擬現(xian)(xian)實）技術，在(zai)沉浸式互動體(ti)驗中加強工(gong)(gong)人安(an)全教育……與鋼筋混凝(ning)土打交道(dao)的工(gong)(gong)地，這樣的“智慧”場景(jing)隨處可見。
隨著互(hu)聯網、物聯網和數(shu)字技(ji)術加(jia)速應(ying)用，推(tui)進“智(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)地(di)”建設(she)已成(cheng)為推(tui)動建造方(fang)式轉型升級的突破口(kou)和著力(li)點、助(zhu)力(li)建筑業高質(zhi)量(liang)發展的重要路徑、實(shi)現(xian)(xian)施(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產治理(li)體系與能力(li)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化的重要方(fang)法。“智(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)地(di)”基于BIM（建筑信(xin)息(xi)模(mo)型）+AI（人工(gong)智(zhi)能）智(zhi)能大數(shu)據中心和云平臺，圍繞建筑工(gong)程項目全(quan)(quan)生命周期，集成(cheng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)、質(zhi)量(liang)、綠(lv)色施(shi)工(gong)、勞務(wu)實(shi)名制等多個管理(li)模(mo)塊(kuai)，支撐現(xian)(xian)場管理(li)、互(hu)聯協同、智(zhi)能決(jue)策、數(shu)據共享的信(xin)息(xi)化系統(tong)協助(zhu)完成(cheng)監督和管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，全(quan)(quan)方(fang)位監控(kong)(kong)施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場，形成(cheng)信(xin)息(xi)化、數(shu)字化、可視化的項目管理(li)體系。信(xin)息(xi)化技(ji)術的運用讓工(gong)地(di)長(chang)了(le)“眼睛(jing)”“耳(er)朵”“鼻(bi)子”，看得(de)見違章、聽得(de)見噪音、嗅(xiu)得(de)到隱患，實(shi)時精確把控(kong)(kong)施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場脈(mo)絡(luo)。筆(bi)者總結了(le)現(xian)(xian)有“智(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)地(di)”在施(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)中的應(ying)用，看看“智(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)地(di)”為整(zheng)個施(shi)工(gong)過程帶來了(le)怎樣的“安(an)全(quan)(quan)感”。
人員信息(xi)安全管控
癥結
建(jian)筑施工過程用工量(liang)大，面對超(chao)齡(ling)、技能水(shui)平、考勤記(ji)錄(lu)等人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)日常管(guan)理問題，僅依(yi)靠管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)手工記(ji)錄(lu)等傳統管(guan)理方式(shi)已難以適應復(fu)雜多(duo)變的(de)工地(di)情況，無法實現對工人(ren)的(de)有效監管(guan)。
護航(hang)
結合多種互聯網技術化(hua)手段，將人的行為管起來。
人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是安(an)全工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心，是現場(chang)安(an)全管(guan)理中能(neng)(neng)動(dong)(dong)性最(zui)(zui)強、最(zui)(zui)靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素。“智慧工(gong)(gong)(gong)地”對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員進行(xing)高效精準管(guan)控，對于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)安(an)全管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)具有重(zhong)要(yao)意義。設置人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)臉識(shi)別門(men)禁系(xi)(xi)統，對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)身份信息(xi)、進出場(chang)等進行(xing)實(shi)名(ming)制(zhi)登記管(guan)理，既能(neng)(neng)實(shi)時打卡，保(bao)護工(gong)(gong)(gong)友(you)權益(yi)，又(you)能(neng)(neng)規范人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員進出，保(bao)障工(gong)(gong)(gong)地人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員安(an)全。借(jie)助該系(xi)(xi)統信息(xi)集成(cheng)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身份信息(xi)、技能(neng)(neng)水平、薪資賬(zhang)戶等，建(jian)(jian)立施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員信息(xi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫，方便快捷(jie)地記錄工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)活動(dong)(dong)、考(kao)(kao)勤記錄等。與(yu)此同時，與(yu)住(zhu)房(fang)和城鄉建(jian)(jian)設主管(guan)部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)控平臺“聯網(wang)”，隨時更(geng)新(xin)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，方便管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員統計與(yu)分(fen)析(xi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員分(fen)布、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員流動(dong)(dong)、考(kao)(kao)勤數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，實(shi)現實(shi)名(ming)制(zhi)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)化(hua)和一體(ti)化(hua)，避免(mian)勞務(wu)糾(jiu)紛。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員也可以快速(su)查詢當月的(de)(de)(de)(de)上班天(tian)數(shu)(shu)、每日打卡的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間，隨時查看考(kao)(kao)勤記錄，工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)生(sheng)活更(geng)踏實(shi)放心。
為減少(shao)不(bu)(bu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)行為，針對現場(chang)重點區域，布(bu)設AI智能(neng)識別(bie)系統(tong)，通過大數(shu)據(ju)與人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)實現無人(ren)(ren)化的高(gao)效(xiao)管理(li)方(fang)式，24小時監管不(bu)(bu)當行為，自動識別(bie)施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員進入工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)之后的安(an)全(quan)(quan)帽、反光衣穿(chuan)戴情況，自動識別(bie)煙霧(wu)、火種以(yi)及(ji)區域入侵等(deng)。一旦發現不(bu)(bu)合(he)規或異常情況，及(ji)時現場(chang)聯動工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)智能(neng)語音終端(duan)、播報預警以(yi)及(ji)違規記錄與數(shu)據(ju)統(tong)計，保障人(ren)(ren)員安(an)全(quan)(quan)。
機械設備(bei)安全(quan)監(jian)控
癥結(jie)
塔吊(diao)、升降(jiang)機、吊(diao)籃等作(zuo)業活動本身(shen)潛(qian)藏高空作(zuo)業風險，防護裝(zhuang)置或防護用(yong)品存在缺(que)陷都會導致安(an)全事故的發(fa)生(sheng)。傳統施工(gong)現場如(ru)果想判斷塔吊(diao)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)違規超(chao)載，腳(jiao)手架、模板和塔式(shi)起重機等垂直運輸(shu)機械作(zuo)業是(shi)(shi)否(fou)有效防護，最常(chang)用(yong)的辦法就是(shi)(shi)讓管理人(ren)(ren)員到(dao)現場查看，操作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員憑(ping)借經驗進行操作(zuo)，但人(ren)(ren)工(gong)排查不能做到(dao)隨時(shi)(shi)隨地(di)，安(an)全隱患無(wu)法及時(shi)(shi)準確(que)地(di)暴露出(chu)來。
護航
借助(zhu)實時監測系統解(jie)決工地安全隱(yin)患，將設施(shi)設備管起來。
工(gong)(gong)地接入智(zhi)慧系(xi)統后，工(gong)(gong)地內(nei)作(zuo)業層、塔(ta)吊、施工(gong)(gong)電梯等(deng)存在安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患的(de)(de)部(bu)位(wei)均安(an)(an)裝了(le)實(shi)(shi)時監測設備(bei)，能對(dui)(dui)(dui)塔(ta)吊的(de)(de)起重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)、力矩、幅度、高度、風速、群塔(ta)防碰撞等(deng)項(xiang)目和施工(gong)(gong)電梯的(de)(de)載重(zhong)(zhong)、人(ren)(ren)數、上下限(xian)位(wei)等(deng)實(shi)(shi)時監測，傳(chuan)出的(de)(de)視頻和采集(ji)的(de)(de)數據(ju)(ju)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)集(ji)中到(dao)“智(zhi)慧工(gong)(gong)地”云平臺上展(zhan)示，管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)通過(guo)手機終端也能實(shi)(shi)時查(cha)看。通過(guo)監控平臺可(ke)(ke)視化模塊對(dui)(dui)(dui)視頻進行(xing)回放(fang)、局(ju)部(bu)放(fang)大(da)(da)、拉近，實(shi)(shi)現全(quan)(quan)天候、全(quan)(quan)方位(wei)、無死(si)角實(shi)(shi)時管(guan)(guan)控各個工(gong)(gong)程現場(chang)，全(quan)(quan)面詳細(xi)掌握現場(chang)作(zuo)業是否規范、有(you)無違章行(xing)為、現場(chang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)措施是否到(dao)位(wei)。除此之外，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)到(dao)現場(chang)檢查(cha)設備(bei)只(zhi)需帶上手機拍(pai)照即可(ke)(ke)生成(cheng)整改單據(ju)(ju)，直達對(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)責(ze)任人(ren)(ren)，相(xiang)關現場(chang)負責(ze)人(ren)(ren)進行(xing)整改后再(zai)上傳(chuan)平臺，在移動端便(bian)可(ke)(ke)實(shi)(shi)現形成(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)閉環管(guan)(guan)理(li)，極大(da)(da)提高了(le)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題的(de)(de)整改效率，提升了(le)項(xiang)目安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)指數。
如果(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地現場“起火(huo)(huo)”，如何判斷是正常的焊接等明火(huo)(huo)操作(zuo)(zuo)，還是哪里“著了火(huo)(huo)”？有的智(zhi)慧工(gong)(gong)(gong)地系統可以通(tong)過人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)視覺分析與熱(re)成像技術，基(ji)于深度學(xue)習的物體(ti)跟蹤與物體(ti)識別算法(fa)，結合人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)AI芯片，對動火(huo)(huo)區域進行實(shi)時監測，對動火(huo)(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)業全過程所(suo)采(cai)集的實(shi)時視頻流(liu)進行智(zhi)能(neng)分析。
AR+VR安全教育(yu)
癥結
有(you)人曾將傳(chuan)統的工地現場安(an)全教育(yu)笑稱為說教式教育(yu)“老三(san)樣(yang)”——讀規章制度、看(kan)事(shi)故(gu)視(shi)頻、簽(qian)名(ming)，沒有(you)跟實際相結合(he)，施工從業(ye)人員(yuan)無法(fa)親身感受(shou)違規操作帶來(lai)的危害(hai)，難以對安(an)全生產有(you)深(shen)刻(ke)的理(li)解和感受(shou)，安(an)全防范意識低。
護航
采用(yong)虛擬現(xian)實技術，培訓(xun)人(ren)員(yuan)“親歷”施工安全事(shi)故，敲響安全警鐘。
在(zai)傳統(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)安(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)見效較(jiao)差的(de)(de)情況下，VR、AR、3D與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)結(jie)合(he)在(zai)一起，成為工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)安(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)一種手段(duan)。根據項目部實際情況，對于建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業主要負責(ze)人(ren)、項目負責(ze)人(ren)、專職安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產管理人(ren)員及特(te)種作(zuo)業人(ren)員的(de)(de)培訓，針對危險(xian)性(xing)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)分部分項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理等重點內容，建(jian)造安(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)智慧培訓系統(tong)(tong)。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)設置工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)VR智能安(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)體驗館，采用(yong)成熟的(de)(de)VR、AR、3D技(ji)術，結(jie)合(he)電動機械，考量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患，以三維(wei)動態的(de)(de)形(xing)式創建(jian)與(yu)現(xian)實類似的(de)(de)環(huan)境，3D模擬出工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)景和險(xian)情。
VR安(an)全(quan)體驗(yan)、虛擬消防滅火(huo)系統、安(an)全(quan)教(jiao)育魔盒……培(pei)訓人員(yuan)通(tong)過佩戴VR眼鏡等設備，沉浸式、可互(hu)動(dong)式進(jin)行現場漫游、熟悉建筑(zhu)構件、了解(jie)(jie)施工流程，“親歷”施工安(an)全(quan)事故的發生，掌握相(xiang)應(ying)防范要點和應(ying)急措施，加(jia)深對(dui)安(an)全(quan)生產的理(li)解(jie)(jie)和感受。
智能穿戴安全防護(hu)
癥結
施(shi)工(gong)現場多為露天作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)，施(shi)工(gong)人員長時間直接暴(bao)露在高溫、嚴寒(han)的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)環境中進行高強(qiang)度工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，尤其從事高空作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)、光線較(jiao)差的地下或夜班作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)等(deng)，稍有松懈就可能發生安(an)全事故。
護航
智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)安全帽、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)手環、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)眼鏡(jing)等智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)穿(chuan)戴設備，幫助施工人(ren)員做好安全防護。
安(an)(an)全帽(mao)(mao)(mao)是安(an)(an)全生(sheng)產的重要保障，每一(yi)個進入現場的人員(yuan)(yuan)都必須佩(pei)戴(dai)(dai)安(an)(an)全帽(mao)(mao)(mao)，因此(ci)智(zhi)能(neng)安(an)(an)全帽(mao)(mao)(mao)是智(zhi)能(neng)穿戴(dai)(dai)設備在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中應用最廣(guang)泛的產品(pin)。智(zhi)能(neng)安(an)(an)全帽(mao)(mao)(mao)內(nei)置(zhi)了高科(ke)技(ji)集成芯片和多種傳感(gan)器，集GPS（全球定(ding)(ding)位(wei)系統）定(ding)(ding)位(wei)、脫帽(mao)(mao)(mao)預警、工(gong)(gong)作效率(lv)分析、項(xiang)目電子圍(wei)(wei)欄等(deng)功能(neng)于一(yi)體，記(ji)錄工(gong)(gong)人的行動軌跡。當施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)到(dao)達某一(yi)危險源特定(ding)(ding)范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)時(shi)，就會觸發(fa)內(nei)置(zhi)的預警系統，對(dui)其提出警告，信息也會實時(shi)發(fa)送到(dao)管(guan)理(li)(li)終端，項(xiang)目部管(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)及(ji)時(shi)鎖定(ding)(ding)危險源位(wei)置(zhi)和相(xiang)應施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)，給出指令措施(shi)，預防(fang)事故發(fa)生(sheng)。智(zhi)能(neng)安(an)(an)全帽(mao)(mao)(mao)實現了基礎防(fang)護工(gong)(gong)具到(dao)智(zhi)能(neng)工(gong)(gong)具的轉(zhuan)變，加快(kuai)了建(jian)造行業(ye)的智(zhi)慧化(hua)進程，推動傳統建(jian)筑業(ye)向智(zhi)慧建(jian)造發(fa)展。
建筑(zhu)業(ye)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)“高危(wei)”行(xing)(xing)業(ye)，隨時隨地存(cun)在著隱(yin)藏的危(wei)險。安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)是(shi)建筑(zhu)業(ye)不可(ke)觸碰的底線(xian)，所有(you)工地都要增強施工安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識、規范(fan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)為、弘揚安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)文(wen)化，時刻(ke)拉緊安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)命紅線(xian)。“智慧工地”的建設與應用，可(ke)有(you)效預防違規作業(ye)導致的安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事故發生(sheng)(sheng)，實現規范(fan)施工管理、減少安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患、節省人(ren)力投入、降低運營(ying)成本，提前化解風險，為建筑(zhu)施工安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)保駕護航
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