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智慧工地帶來的 “安全感”

  • 2022-06-29
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安全帽(mao)里植入芯片,定位(wei)在(zai)場(chang)施工人(ren)員(yuan),追蹤其行動軌跡;施工現(xian)(xian)場(chang)“電(dian)子眼(yan)”全覆蓋,了(le)解施工進度(du),及時發現(xian)(xian)安全隱患,緊“盯”施工安全;利用AR(增強(qiang)現(xian)(xian)實(shi))、VR(虛擬現(xian)(xian)實(shi))技術,在(zai)沉浸(jin)式互動體(ti)驗中(zhong)加強(qiang)工人(ren)安全教育(yu)……與鋼筋混凝(ning)土打交道(dao)的工地,這樣的“智慧(hui)”場(chang)景隨處可見。

隨著互聯(lian)(lian)網、物聯(lian)(lian)網和數(shu)字技術(shu)加速(su)應用(yong),推進“智(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地”建(jian)設(she)已成(cheng)為推動(dong)建(jian)造方式轉(zhuan)型升級的(de)突(tu)破(po)口和著力點、助力建(jian)筑(zhu)業高質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)發展的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)路徑、實(shi)現(xian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產治理體系(xi)(xi)與能(neng)力現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)方法。“智(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地”基于BIM(建(jian)筑(zhu)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)模(mo)型)+AI(人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng))智(zhi)能(neng)大數(shu)據(ju)中心和云平臺,圍繞建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目全(quan)(quan)生命周期,集(ji)成(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、綠色施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、勞(lao)務實(shi)名(ming)制等多個管(guan)理模(mo)塊,支撐(cheng)現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理、互聯(lian)(lian)協同(tong)、智(zhi)能(neng)決策、數(shu)據(ju)共享的(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統協助完成(cheng)監(jian)督(du)和管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),全(quan)(quan)方位(wei)監(jian)控施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang),形成(cheng)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)、數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)、可視(shi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)項目管(guan)理體系(xi)(xi)。信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)技術(shu)的(de)運用(yong)讓(rang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地長了(le)(le)“眼(yan)睛”“耳(er)朵”“鼻子”,看(kan)得(de)見(jian)違章、聽得(de)見(jian)噪(zao)音、嗅得(de)到隱(yin)患,實(shi)時(shi)精確把(ba)控施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)脈(mo)絡。筆者總結了(le)(le)現(xian)有“智(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地”在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理中的(de)應用(yong),看(kan)看(kan)“智(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地”為整個施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程帶來了(le)(le)怎樣的(de)“安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)感”。

人員信息安全管(guan)控(kong)

癥結

建筑施工(gong)過(guo)程用工(gong)量大,面對(dui)超(chao)齡、技能水平、考勤記錄等人(ren)(ren)(ren)員日常(chang)管(guan)理(li)(li)問題,僅依(yi)靠管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員手工(gong)記錄等傳統管(guan)理(li)(li)方式已難(nan)以適應復雜多變(bian)的工(gong)地情況,無法實現(xian)對(dui)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的有效(xiao)監管(guan)。

護(hu)航

結合(he)多種互聯網技術化手段,將人的行為(wei)管起來。

人(ren)是安(an)(an)全(quan)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)核心,是現場安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)中能動(dong)性最強、最靈(ling)活的(de)(de)因素。“智(zhi)慧工(gong)(gong)地(di)”對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)行高效精(jing)準管(guan)控,對于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場安(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作具有重要(yao)意義(yi)。設置人(ren)臉識別(bie)門禁系(xi)統,對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)身份(fen)(fen)信息(xi)(xi)、進(jin)出場等進(jin)行實名制(zhi)登記(ji)管(guan)理(li),既(ji)能實時(shi)(shi)打卡,保護(hu)工(gong)(gong)友權益,又(you)能規范人(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)出,保障工(gong)(gong)地(di)人(ren)員(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)。借助該系(xi)統信息(xi)(xi)集成個人(ren)身份(fen)(fen)信息(xi)(xi)、技能水平、薪資賬戶等,建立施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)信息(xi)(xi)數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku),方便快捷(jie)地(di)記(ji)錄(lu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)活動(dong)、考勤記(ji)錄(lu)等。與此同時(shi)(shi),與住房和城鄉建設主(zhu)管(guan)部門的(de)(de)監控平臺“聯(lian)網”,隨時(shi)(shi)更新數據(ju)(ju),方便管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)統計與分(fen)(fen)析人(ren)員(yuan)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)、人(ren)員(yuan)流動(dong)、考勤數據(ju)(ju),實現實名制(zhi)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)化(hua)和一體(ti)化(hua),避免勞(lao)務糾紛(fen)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)也可以快速(su)查詢(xun)當月的(de)(de)上班天(tian)數、每日打卡的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間,隨時(shi)(shi)查看考勤記(ji)錄(lu),工(gong)(gong)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)作生(sheng)活更踏實放心。

為減(jian)少(shao)不(bu)安全(quan)行為,針(zhen)對現場(chang)(chang)重點區域,布(bu)設AI智(zhi)能(neng)識別系統,通過大數(shu)(shu)據與人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)實現無人化的(de)高效管理方式,24小時監管不(bu)當行為,自(zi)動識別施工(gong)人員進入工(gong)地(di)(di)之后(hou)的(de)安全(quan)帽、反光衣穿戴(dai)情況(kuang),自(zi)動識別煙(yan)霧、火種以及區域入侵等。一旦發(fa)現不(bu)合(he)規(gui)或異常情況(kuang),及時現場(chang)(chang)聯動工(gong)地(di)(di)智(zhi)能(neng)語音終端、播報預警以及違規(gui)記錄與數(shu)(shu)據統計,保(bao)障(zhang)人員安全(quan)。

機械設備(bei)安全監控

癥結(jie)

塔吊、升降機(ji)、吊籃等(deng)作(zuo)業(ye)活動(dong)本身潛藏高空作(zuo)業(ye)風險,防(fang)護(hu)裝置(zhi)或防(fang)護(hu)用品存在缺陷都會導致安全(quan)事故(gu)的(de)發生(sheng)。傳統施工現場如(ru)果想判(pan)斷塔吊是(shi)否(fou)違規超(chao)載,腳手架、模板和塔式(shi)起重機(ji)等(deng)垂(chui)直(zhi)運輸機(ji)械作(zuo)業(ye)是(shi)否(fou)有效防(fang)護(hu),最常用的(de)辦法就(jiu)是(shi)讓管(guan)理人員到現場查(cha)看(kan),操作(zuo)人員憑(ping)借(jie)經驗進行操作(zuo),但人工排查(cha)不能(neng)做到隨時(shi)隨地(di),安全(quan)隱患無法及時(shi)準確地(di)暴露出來。

護航

借(jie)助實時(shi)監(jian)測系統解決工地安全(quan)隱患(huan),將設施設備(bei)管起來(lai)。

工(gong)(gong)地接入(ru)智(zhi)慧系統后,工(gong)(gong)地內作業層、塔吊、施工(gong)(gong)電梯等(deng)(deng)存在安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患的(de)(de)部(bu)位(wei)均安裝了實(shi)時監測設備,能(neng)對塔吊的(de)(de)起重(zhong)量、力(li)矩、幅度、高度、風速(su)、群塔防(fang)碰(peng)撞等(deng)(deng)項目(mu)和(he)施工(gong)(gong)電梯的(de)(de)載重(zhong)、人(ren)(ren)數、上下(xia)限位(wei)等(deng)(deng)實(shi)時監測,傳出的(de)(de)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)和(he)采(cai)集(ji)的(de)(de)數據全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)集(ji)中(zhong)到(dao)“智(zhi)慧工(gong)(gong)地”云平臺(tai)上展(zhan)示,管理(li)人(ren)(ren)員通(tong)過(guo)手機(ji)終端也能(neng)實(shi)時查看。通(tong)過(guo)監控平臺(tai)可視(shi)(shi)化(hua)模塊對視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)進行(xing)回放(fang)、局(ju)部(bu)放(fang)大(da)、拉近,實(shi)現(xian)(xian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)天候、全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)方位(wei)、無死(si)角實(shi)時管控各個工(gong)(gong)程現(xian)(xian)場,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面詳細掌握現(xian)(xian)場作業是否(fou)(fou)規范、有無違章行(xing)為(wei)、現(xian)(xian)場安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)措施是否(fou)(fou)到(dao)位(wei)。除此之外,安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)人(ren)(ren)員到(dao)現(xian)(xian)場檢查設備只需帶上手機(ji)拍照即可生成(cheng)整改(gai)單據,直達對應(ying)責任人(ren)(ren),相關現(xian)(xian)場負責人(ren)(ren)進行(xing)整改(gai)后再上傳平臺(tai),在移動端便可實(shi)現(xian)(xian)形成(cheng)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)閉環(huan)管理(li),極大(da)提(ti)高了安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)問題的(de)(de)整改(gai)效(xiao)率,提(ti)升(sheng)了項目(mu)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)指數。

如(ru)果(guo)工地現(xian)場“起(qi)火”,如(ru)何判斷是正(zheng)常的(de)焊接等明火操作,還是哪里“著了火”?有的(de)智慧工地系(xi)統可以通(tong)過(guo)人(ren)工智能視覺(jue)分(fen)析與(yu)熱成像技術,基于深度學習的(de)物體(ti)跟蹤與(yu)物體(ti)識別算法(fa),結合人(ren)工智能AI芯片,對動火區域(yu)進(jin)行實時(shi)監測,對動火作業全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)所(suo)采集的(de)實時(shi)視頻流(liu)進(jin)行智能分(fen)析。

AR+VR安全(quan)教(jiao)育

癥結(jie)

有人(ren)曾將傳統的(de)工地現場安(an)(an)全(quan)教育笑稱為說教式(shi)教育“老三樣”——讀規(gui)章(zhang)制度、看事故(gu)視頻、簽名,沒有跟實際相結(jie)合,施工從業人(ren)員(yuan)無法親身感受(shou)違規(gui)操作帶來的(de)危害,難以對安(an)(an)全(quan)生產有深(shen)刻(ke)的(de)理解和感受(shou),安(an)(an)全(quan)防范意識低。

護航

采用虛擬現實(shi)技術,培訓人員“親歷”施工安全事故,敲響安全警鐘。

在(zai)傳統工地(di)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教育見效較(jiao)差的(de)(de)情況下,VR、AR、3D與(yu)工地(di)結合在(zai)一(yi)(yi)起(qi),成為工地(di)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教育的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)手段。根據項目部實際情況,對于建筑施工企業(ye)主要負責人(ren)、項目負責人(ren)、專(zhuan)職安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產管理人(ren)員(yuan)及特種(zhong)作業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)培訓,針(zhen)對危險性(xing)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)分部分項工程(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理等(deng)重點內容,建造安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教育智慧培訓系統。在(zai)工地(di)施工現(xian)場設置工地(di)VR智能安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教育體(ti)驗館,采(cai)用成熟的(de)(de)VR、AR、3D技術,結合電動(dong)機械,考(kao)量工地(di)施工的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患(huan),以三維動(dong)態的(de)(de)形式(shi)創建與(yu)現(xian)實類似的(de)(de)環(huan)境,3D模擬(ni)出工地(di)施工場景和險情。

VR安(an)全(quan)(quan)體驗、虛擬消防滅火系統、安(an)全(quan)(quan)教育魔盒……培訓(xun)人(ren)員通過佩(pei)戴VR眼鏡等設備(bei),沉(chen)浸式(shi)、可(ke)互動式(shi)進行現場漫游、熟悉建筑構件、了解施(shi)工(gong)(gong)流程,“親歷”施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故的發生,掌握(wo)相應(ying)防范要點和應(ying)急措施(shi),加(jia)深對安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產的理解和感受。

智能(neng)穿(chuan)戴安全(quan)防(fang)護

癥結

施工(gong)現場多為露天(tian)作業(ye),施工(gong)人(ren)員長時間直接暴露在高溫、嚴寒的(de)工(gong)作環境中進行(xing)高強度工(gong)作,尤(you)其從事高空作業(ye)、光(guang)線較差的(de)地(di)下或夜班作業(ye)等,稍有松(song)懈就可能發(fa)生安全事故。

護航

智能(neng)(neng)安(an)全(quan)帽、智能(neng)(neng)手環、智能(neng)(neng)眼鏡等智能(neng)(neng)穿(chuan)戴設備(bei),幫助(zhu)施(shi)工人員做好(hao)安(an)全(quan)防(fang)護。

安全(quan)(quan)(quan)帽是(shi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)重(zhong)要保(bao)障(zhang),每一(yi)(yi)個進入現場的(de)人(ren)員(yuan)都必須佩戴(dai)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)帽,因此智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)帽是(shi)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)穿戴(dai)設備在(zai)工程(cheng)施工中應(ying)用最廣(guang)泛的(de)產品。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)帽內(nei)(nei)置了高科技(ji)集成芯片和多種傳(chuan)感器,集GPS(全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)定位系統(tong)(tong))定位、脫(tuo)帽預(yu)警、工作(zuo)效(xiao)率分(fen)析、項目(mu)電子圍欄(lan)等功能(neng)(neng)于一(yi)(yi)體(ti),記錄(lu)工人(ren)的(de)行(xing)動(dong)軌跡。當施工人(ren)員(yuan)到(dao)達某一(yi)(yi)危險源(yuan)特定范圍內(nei)(nei)時,就會觸發(fa)(fa)(fa)內(nei)(nei)置的(de)預(yu)警系統(tong)(tong),對其提出警告,信息(xi)也(ye)會實(shi)時發(fa)(fa)(fa)送到(dao)管(guan)理終端,項目(mu)部管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)可以(yi)及時鎖定危險源(yuan)位置和相應(ying)施工人(ren)員(yuan),給出指令(ling)措(cuo)施,預(yu)防事(shi)故發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)帽實(shi)現了基礎防護工具(ju)到(dao)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)工具(ju)的(de)轉變,加快了建造(zao)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)智(zhi)慧(hui)化進程(cheng),推(tui)動(dong)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)建筑(zhu)業(ye)向(xiang)智(zhi)慧(hui)建造(zao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。

建筑業是一個“高(gao)危”行業,隨(sui)時隨(sui)地存在著隱藏(zang)的(de)危險。安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)是建筑業不可觸碰的(de)底線,所(suo)有(you)工地都要增強施(shi)工安(an)全(quan)意識、規(gui)范(fan)安(an)全(quan)行為(wei)(wei)、弘揚安(an)全(quan)文化(hua),時刻(ke)拉緊(jin)安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)命(ming)紅線。“智慧(hui)工地”的(de)建設與應用(yong),可有(you)效預防(fang)違規(gui)作業導致(zhi)的(de)安(an)全(quan)事故(gu)發生(sheng),實現規(gui)范(fan)施(shi)工管(guan)理、減(jian)少安(an)全(quan)隱患、節省(sheng)人力投入、降低運營成本,提前化(hua)解風險,為(wei)(wei)建筑施(shi)工安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)保駕護航